All cameras must either expose to suit the dark areas or the light areas, so normally our camera automatically chooses a middle ground. However if we deliberately shoot a range of exposures we can see that:
Under-exposed images show finer detail in the light areas
Over-exposed images show finer detail in the dark areas
By shooting 5 degrees of exposure and then merging, we can combine the best elements of each. A High Dynamic Range image is generated which can then be converted into formats suitable for web use and printing.
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